Newspapers

Newspapers: Ownership:

Tabloids vs Broadsheets

Tabloids:
Informal language, more images, content driven by gossip, celeb news, sports coverage, copetetitions - i.e. the news values are low. 
Cheaper than broadsheets - targets working class reader. Also, manual / semi-skilled workers.

Broadsheets:
Based on politics and current affairs - serious current events, examined from a serious perspective - truth, information, argument.
More text than images - in depth journalism.
Formal language. 
The Telegraph / Sunday Telegraph - tory
The Times / Sunday Times - changes depending on who's in power.
The Independent / Guardian - centre / left of centre / traditionally labour. 

Ownership - as of 2010 the independant is under ownership of alexander lebedev. 

he put it online and soley relied on advertisement for profit

publisher: independant print ltd

has context menu

Reasons The Independent went online
- Not able to sell printed copies - lose money.
- Cheaper, more cost effective.
- To read online you must be subscribed.
- Subscriptions generate revenue.
- More advertising revenue. 
- Readership? Middle-class, older upper-class, well- informed, educated, professional (initially men-city).
- Social grade: C1-B.

Sun Ownership: 
Owned by News UK, who in turn, are aprt of the American mass media conglomerate, News Corp. Rupert Murdoch is the executive chairman. 

Marketing and Distribution:
The last printed edition of The Independent was published on Sat 26th March 2016, leaving only its digital editions.
The / was also launched as a competitor for free papers. Originally a sister newspaper to The Independent, it cost only 20p when first published. However, it is ow owned by JPIMedia.

Reception Theory - Stuart Hall:
Prefered reading - this is when audiences respond to the product the way the media producers want/expect them to.
Negotiated reading - this is when a member of the audience partly agrees with part of the product. e.g. Film, doccumentary, TV programme.
Oppositional reading - this is when the audience are in complete disagreement with the product's message or setting. 

Sky Sports News Story:
Prefered - Sterling's performances are very good. 
Negotiated - Rashford is a better option than Sterling for England.
Oppositional - The decision to keep Harry Maguire in the squad is widely based on recent performances.


Use of marketing for Newspapers:
- Use of pop-up ads as a means of generating revenue (starbucks) - Independent. 
- Dedicated subscription page - Independent. 
- Own YouTube channel targeted to tabloid enjoyers - Sun.
- TV ad (controversial) - Sun.
- Above-the-line traditional advertising (bilboards) - Sun.
- Pop up ads directed to lower income audience - Sun.
- Social media accounts - posts directed towards lower or higher income audience - both.





Independent:
Masthead - Denotation: Typeface = serif font, black lettering, capitalized. Connotation: Serif typeface connotes maturity - suggests it is aimed at a more mature readership.
Anchorage - the way in which text is used to help pin down the mood or meaning.
So, the caption here is not humourous, as with tabloid newspapers, and no puns are used (in the headline, for example).
In terms of layout, broadsheets are more text-heavy than taboids, with fewer (and more often smaller) images.
Stories tend to be about current affairs, rather than the celebrity gossip found in tabloids. 

Sun:
Masthead - Denotation: sans-serif slanted font, red and white colour scheme, Limited capital letters. Connotation: slanted text connotes immaturity and tilt / bias - suggests it's for lower class and more immature audience. 
Anchorage - the massive bold text with puns in the headline etc entice the text receiver to make it a more persauding read - inducing a more profit seeking magazine. 
In terms of layout, tabloid has small ads that are targeted to a more gambling adicted audience. Less amount of text, lots of big images and headline takes up most of the front cover. 
Stories tend to be about celebrity gossip etc comapred to more serious affairs. 
Laura Mulvey and the male gaze - catering to a predominantly male audience.


Broadsheet targets the social grades - A, B, and C1. This is represnted by the price and fromality of the newspaper. 
Tabloids target the social grades - C1, C2, D and E. This is represented by the literacy layout of the front cover and how the pricing and formality of the paper is represented. 






- 46.1 million people are reached by newsbrands - thats 85% of the UK.
- Digital aspects of News reach the most compared to print - 76% reach digital compared to 40% print.
- Out of digital aspects, smartphones have the highest amount of reach - 67%.





















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