Radio

Different Platforms:
- AM (amplitude modulation)
- FM (frequency modulation)
- DAB (digital audio broadcasting, available via DAB radio)
- Dedicated station's websites 
- Radio Apps

DAB:
Advantages:
- There is a much wider range of stations offered on DAB radio.
- DAB has a more reliable signal
- DAB radio is available over longer distances.

Streaming Music:
Spotify vs Amazon Music vs Apple Music
- Spotify is one of the most popular streaming services owing as it has a variety of subscription options with the one being free with adverts.
- Spotify has joint ventures with internet TV streaming services, such as NOW TV.
- Apple Music you have to pay for streaming.
- Amazon Music (tried to diversify to compete) has become a large streaming service owing to being part of the Amazon Prime subscription package. Content is pushed by Amazon to encourage users to listen to samples. This is achieved by popular Amazon Prime services such as Alexa that are based around listening to audio around the home. 

Ownership:
Heart FM is a radio network of 22 stations owned by Global.

Advertising:
Above-the-line traditional advertising - bilboards, TV ads and posters on buses etc.
Heart FM website:
- Established a clear brand identity.
- Sponsorship - big pop ups across the website - charlotte tilbury (expensive for higher social grade audience) (part cookies, part to appeal to the demogrpahic).
- Big 'LISTEN' button to listen to live radio. 
- Competitions for lower social grade audience, charities to donate to for higher social grade audience.

Textual Analysis:
Jingles:
A jingle is a short slogan, verse or tune designed to be easily remembered and is especially used in advertising. 
These add to a product's overall brand identity - the elements that distinguish it for the customer. 
Mode of adress - the way in which a media product speaks to, or attracts, its audience. 
Sound Motiff - A sound effect or combination of sound effects associated with a particular setting, situation, character or idea. 
Ident - A short peice of audio-visual content produced by radio or television stations to identify themselves on air. 

Mode of address:
- Sense of personalisation - using name 'lucy'.
- Colloquial language.
- Hyperbole to engage the audience.

RAJAR and Audiences:
- RAJAR stands for Radio Joint Audience Research and is the offficial body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK. It is jointly owned by the BBC and the radiocentre on behalf of the commercial sector. 


- Says what percentage of listeners are from different platforms per week of listening hours. 
- Explains that 714 million hours of listening is done a week.

Quarterly listening figures (000's):
- BBC Radio 1 - 7,773
- Heart UK - 11,336
Heart has over 4 million more listeners than Radio 1.

- Kerrang! - 364
Kerrang! has far less reach than the other radio stations.

From your knowledge of contemporary media consumption patterns, describe two possible reasons why the listenership of Hallam FM has decreased since 1999 (4).

Hallam FM may not offer DAB or website radio options. They might still be an FM or AM radio station without digital access, where 75% of listening hours are based in todays listenership. 
Another reason could be that the presenters on the radio station are not engaging enough. As big personalities are key to a successful radio station, the decline of listening hours may be due to disliked or disengaging presenters. 


Radio is regulated by OFCOM

















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